Austria

In this paper, we present TituLLMs, the first large pretrained Bangla LLMs, available in 1b and 3b parameter sizes. Due to computational constraints during both training and inference, we focused on smaller models. To train TituLLMs, we collected a pretraining dataset of approximately ∼ 37 billion tokens. We extended the Llama-3.2 tokenizer to incorporate language- and culture-specific knowledge, which also enables faster training and inference. There was a lack of benchmarking datasets to benchmark LLMs for Bangla. To address this gap, we developed five benchmarking datasets. We benchmarked various LLMs, including TituLLMs, and demonstrated that TituLLMs outperforms its initial multilingual versions. However, this is not always the case, highlighting the complexities of language adaptation. Our work lays the groundwork for adapting existing multilingual open models to other low-resource languages. To facilitate broader adoption and further research, we have made the TituLLMs models and benchmarking datasets publicly available.

ACL 2025

TituLLMs: A Family of Bangla LLMs with Comprehensive Benchmarking

benchmarking datasets

bangla llms

low-resource languages.

**Welcome to EMNLP 2023!**

On behalf of the EMNLP 2023 Organizing Committee, I extend a warm and heartfelt welcome to all of you to the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). It is with immense pleasure and excitement that we gather here in Singapore, a vibrant hub of innovation and technological advancement.

The conference program is packed with insightful presentations, thought-provoking workshops, and engaging networking opportunities. In addition to the technical sessions, we have also planned several social events that will provide you with the opportunity to connect with your colleagues.

The conference is held in person at the Resorts World Convention Centre in Singapore, and available on-line with the help of Underline.

For those in Singapore, I hope that you will find time to explore the exciting Sentosa Island, Gardens by the Bay, Singapore Botanic Gardens and the many other attractions unique to Singapore.

Of course, we are grateful to our sponsors and partners for their generous support of EMNLP 2023, whose contributions make it possible for us to host this world-class event.

Yuji Matsumoto (RIKEN AIP) 
EMNLP 2023 General Chair

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EMNLP 2023

EMNLP 2023 took place in Singapore from Dec 6th to Dec 10th, 2023.

poster

### Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Message from the General Chair: 
*It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025), held in beautiful Vienna, Austria, from July 27 to August 1, 2025. ACL2025continues our field’s tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity, and I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers who have worked tirelessly to bring this event to life.* 
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Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Documents are fundamental to preserving and disseminating information, often incorporating complex layouts, tables, and charts that pose significant challenges for automatic document understanding (DU). While vision-language large models (VLLMs) have demonstrated improvements across various tasks, their effectiveness in processing long-context vision inputs remains unclear. This paper introduces WikiMixQA, a benchmark comprising 1,000 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) designed to evaluate cross-modal reasoning over tables and charts extracted from 4,000 Wikipedia pages spanning seven distinct topics. Unlike existing benchmarks, WikiMixQA emphasizes complex reasoning by requiring models to synthesize information from multiple modalities. We evaluate 12 state-of-the-art vision-language models, revealing that while proprietary models achieve ~70% accuracy when provided with direct context, their performance deteriorates significantly when retrieval from long documents is required. Among these, GPT-4-o is the only model exceeding 50% accuracy in this setting, whereas open-source models perform considerably worse, with a maximum accuracy of 27%. These findings underscore the challenges of long-context, multi-modal reasoning and establish WikiMixQA as a crucial benchmark for advancing document understanding research.

WikiMixQA: A Multimodal Benchmark for Question Answering over Tables and Charts

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various natural language tasks but often struggle with long-horizon planning problems requiring structured reasoning. This limitation has drawn interest in integrating neuro-symbolic approaches within the Automated Planning (AP) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) communities. However, identifying optimal AP deployment frameworks can be daunting. This paper aims to provide a timely survey of the current research with an in-depth analysis, positioning LLMs as tools for extracting and refining planning models to support reliable AP planners. By systematically reviewing the current state of research, we highlight methodologies, and identify critical challenges and future directions, hoping to contribute to the joint research on NLP and Automated Planning.

LLMs as Planning Modelers: A Survey for Leveraging Large Language Models to Construct Automated Planning Models

Ensuring the safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for generating responses consistent with human values. However, LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, where carefully crafted prompts manipulate them into producing toxic content. One category of such attacks reformulates the task as an optimization problem, aiming to elicit affirmative responses from the LLM. However, these methods heavily rely on predefined objectionable behaviors, limiting their effectiveness and adaptability to diverse harmful queries. In this study, we first identify why the vanilla target loss is suboptimal and then propose enhancements to the loss objective. We introduce DSN (Don’t Say No) attack, which combines a cosine decay schedule method with refusal suppression to achieve higher success rates. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DSN outperforms baseline attacks and achieves state-of-the-art attack success rates (ASR). DSN also shows strong universality and transferability to unseen datasets and black-box models.

Don't Say No: Jailbreaking LLM by Suppressing Refusal

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly produce human-quality text, understanding how readers perceive and evaluate AI-generated literature becomes critical. This paper investigates the interplay between measurable textual features and reader preferences in the context of short stories. We analyze multiple datasets where readers (ranging from literary experts to lay audiences) evaluated both human-authored and LLM-generated texts. We propose to model reader's preferences as weighted combinations of intrinsic textual features such as coherence, sentiment volatility, thematic entropy, etc. Results show that (1) when LLM-generated text closely approximates the feature distributions of human text, readers struggle to distinguish them; (2) expert and non-expert readers prioritize distinctly different textual features, revealing systematic variations in literary judgment; and (3) these preference patterns are remarkably stable across diverse datasets. Our framework provides a step towards understanding and potentially tailoring AI-generated literature to meet the expectations of specific audiences.

When AI Writes Like Humans: Capturing the Emergent Patterns of Literary Judgment via Intrinsic Textual Metrics

Large Language Models encode behaviors like refusal within their activation space, but identifying these behaviors remains challenging. Existing methods depend on predefined refusal templates detectable in output tokens or manual review. We introduce **COSMIC** (Cosine Similarity Metrics for Inversion of Concepts), an automated framework for direction selection that optimally identifies steering directions and target layers using cosine similarity, entirely independent of output text. COSMIC achieves steering effectiveness comparable to prior work without any prior knowledge or assumptions of a model’s refusal behavior such as the use of certain refusal tokens. Additionally, COSMIC successfully identifies refusal directions in adversarial scenarios and models with weak safety alignment, demonstrating its robustness across diverse settings.

COSMIC: Generalized Refusal Identification in LLM Activations

We propose IMPARA-GED, a novel reference-free automatic grammatical error correction (GEC) evaluation method with grammatical error detection (GED) capabilities. We focus on the quality estimator of IMPARA, an existing automatic GEC evaluation method, and construct that of IMPARA-GED using a pre-trained language model with enhanced GED capabilities. Experimental results on SEEDA, a meta-evaluation dataset for automatic GEC evaluation methods, demonstrate that IMPARA-GED achieves the highest correlation with human sentence-level evaluations.

IMPARA-GED: Grammatical Error Detection is Boosting Reference-free Grammatical Error Quality Estimator

Psychology research has shown that humans are poor at estimating their performance on tasks, tending towards underconfidence on easy tasks and overconfidence on difficult tasks. We examine three LLMs, Llama-3-70B-instruct, Claude-3-Sonnet, and GPT-4o, on a range of QA tasks of varying difficulty, and show that models exhibit subtle differences from human patterns of overconfidence: less sensitive to task difficulty, and when prompted to answer based on different personas---e.g., expert vs layman, or different race, gender, and ages---the models will respond with stereotypically biased confidence estimations even though their underlying answer accuracy remains the same. Based on these observations, we propose a novel method, Answer-Free Confidence Estimation (AFCE), for improving confidence calibration and LLM interpretability in these settings. AFCE is a self-assessment method that employs two stages of prompting, first eliciting only confidence scores on questions without answers, then asking separately for the answer. Experiments on MMLU and GPQA datasets spanning subjects and difficulty show that AFCE significantly improves confidence calibration performance for the most difficult problems where overconfidence is most pronounced.

Do Language Models Mirror Human Confidence? Exploring Psychological Insights to Address Overconfidence in LLMs

State-of-the-art methods for grammatical error correction require large amounts of parallel data for training. Due to lack of gold-labeled data, techniques that create synthetic training data have become popular. We show that models trained on such data tend to correct a limited range of grammar and spelling mistakes that involve character-level changes, but perform poorly on (more complex) phenomena that require word-level changes. We propose to address the gap in performance on such errors by generating synthetic data through selective data augmentation via round-trip machine translation. We show that the proposed technique, SeLex-RT is capable of generating mistakes that are similar to those observed with language learners. Using the approach with two types of state-of-the-art learning frameworks and two languages (Russian and Ukrainian), we achieve substantial improvements, compared to training on synthetic data produced with standard techniques. The method is especially effective in low-resource settings. Analysis of the output reveals that models trained on data noisified using round-trip translation are capable of making word-level changes and correct lexical errors common with language learners.

Low-Resource Grammatical Error Correction: Selective Data Augmentation with Round-Trip Machine Translation

Authorship verification (AV) is a crucial task for applications like identity verification, plagiarism detection, and AI-generated text identification. However, datasets for training and evaluating AV models are primarily in English and primarily in a single domain. This precludes analysis of AV techniques for generalizability and can cause seemingly valid AV solutions to, in fact, rely on topic-based features rather than actual authorship features. To address this limitation, we introduce the Million Authors Corpus (), a novel dataset encompassing contributions from dozens of languages on Wikipedia. It includes only long and contiguous textual chunks taken from Wikipedia edits and links those texts to their authors. includes 60.08M textual chunks, contributed by 1.29M Wikipedia authors. It enables broad-scale cross-lingual and cross-domain AV evaluation to ensure accurate analysis of model capabilities that are not overly optimistic. We provide baseline evaluations using state-of-the-art AV models as well as information retrieval models that are not AV-specific in order to demonstrate 's unique cross-lingual and cross-domain ablation capabilities.

The Million Authors Corpus: A Cross-Lingual and Cross-Domain Wikipedia Dataset for Authorship Verification

Ensuring persona fidelity in large language models (LLMs) is essential for maintaining coherent and engaging human-AI interactions. However, LLMs often exhibit Out-of-Character (OOC) behavior, where generated responses deviate from an assigned persona, leading to inconsistencies that affect model reliability. Existing evaluation methods typically assign single scores to entire responses, struggling to capture subtle persona misalignment, particularly in long-form text generation. To address this limitation, we propose an atomic-level evaluation framework that quantifies persona fidelity at a finer granularity. Our three key metrics measure the degree of persona alignment and consistency within and across generations. Our approach enables a more precise and realistic assessment of persona fidelity by identifying subtle deviations that real users would encounter. Through our experiments, we demonstrate that our framework effectively detects persona inconsistencies that prior methods overlook. By analyzing persona fidelity across diverse tasks and personality types, we reveal how task structure and persona desirability influence model adaptability, highlighting challenges in maintaining consistent persona expression.

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