Canada

Few-shot object detection (FSOD) aims at extending a generic detector for novel object detection with only a few training examples. It attracts great concerns recently due to the practical meanings. Meta-learning has been demonstrated to be an effective paradigm for this task. In general, methods based on meta-learning employ an additional support branch to encode novel examples (a.k.a. support images) into class prototypes, which are then fused with query branch to facilitate the model prediction. However, the class-level prototypes are difficult to precisely generate, and they also lack detailed information, leading to instability in performance. New methods are required to capture the distinctive local context for more robust novel object detection. To this end, we propose to distill the most representative support features into fine-grained prototypes. These prototypes are then assigned into query feature maps based on the matching results, modeling the detailed feature relations between two branches. This process is realized by our Fine-Grained Feature Aggregation (FFA) module. Moreover, in terms of high-level feature fusion, we propose Balanced Class-Agnostic Sampling (B-CAS) strategy and Non-Linear Fusion (NLF) module from differenct perspectives. They are complementary to each other and depict the high-level feature relations more effectively. Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC and MS COCO benchmarks show that our method sets a new state-of-the-art performance in most settings. Our code is available at https://github.com/wangchen1801/FPD.

AAAI 2024

Fine-Grained Prototypes Distillation for Few-Shot Object Detection

object detection

computer vision

few-shot learning

meta-learning

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-23 is the Thirty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The theme of this conference is to create collaborative bridges within and beyond AI. Like previous AAAI conferences, AAAI-23 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and two new activities: a Bridge Program and a Lab Program. Many of these activities are tailored to the theme of bridges and all are selected according to the highest standards, with additional programs for students and young researchers. 
AAAI is providing you with a conference planner, which you can use to help organize your itinerary of activities. This includes talks to attend in person, talks to attend remotely, breaks with colleagues and your site seeing activities. To access this conference planner, please go to [https://aaai-2023.takemobi.io](https://aaai-2023.takemobi.io).

In order to access this site, you need to register. If you haven't already, please register [here](https://aaai.org/Conferences/AAAI-23/registration/).


AAAI 2023

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines.

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

Learning from noisy data has attracted much attention, where most methods focus on closed-set label noise. However, a more common scenario in the real world is the presence of both open-set and closed-set noise. Existing methods typically identify and handle these two types of label noise separately by designing a specific strategy for each type. However, in many real-world scenarios, it would be challenging to identify open-set examples, especially when the dataset has been severely corrupted. Unlike the previous works, we explore how models behave when faced with open-set examples, and find that a part of open-set examples gradually get integrated into certain known classes, which is beneficial for the separation among known classes. Motivated by the phenomenon, we propose a novel two-step contrastive learning method CECL (Class Expansion Contrastive Learning) which aims to deal with both types of label noise by exploiting the useful information of open-set examples. Specifically, we incorporate some open-set examples into closed-set classes to enhance performance while treating others as delimiters to improve representative ability. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets with diverse label noise demonstrate the effectiveness of CECL.

Unlocking the Power of Open Set: A New Perspective for Open-Set Noisy Label Learning

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in low-light image enhancement. However, there remain two practical limitations: (1) existing methods mainly focus on the spatial domain for the diffusion process, while neglecting the essential features in the frequency domain; (2) conventional patch-based sampling strategy inevitably leads to severe checkerboard artifacts due to the uneven overlapping. To address these limitations in one go, we propose a Multi-Domain Multi-Scale (MDMS) diffusion model for low-light image enhancement. In particular, we introduce a spatial-frequency fusion module to seamlessly integrates spatial and frequency information. By leveraging the Multi-Domain Learning (MDL) paradigm, our proposed model is endowed with the capability to adaptively facilitate noise distribution learning, thereby enhancing the quality of the generated images. Meanwhile, we propose a Multi-Scale Sampling (MSS) strategy that follows a divide-ensemble manner by merging the restored patches under different resolutions. Such a multi-scale learning paradigm explicitly derives patch information from different granularities, thus leading to smoother boundaries. Furthermore, we empirically adopt the Bright Channel Prior (BCP) which indicates natural statistical regularity as an additional restoration guidance. Experimental results on LOL and LOLv2 datasets demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance for the low-light image enhancement task. Codes are available at https://github.com/Oliiveralien/MDMS.

Multi-Domain Multi-Scale Diffusion Model for Low-Light Image Enhancement | VIDEO

To enhance the interaction between intelligent systems and the environment, locating the affordance regions of objects is crucial. These regions correspond to specific areas that provide distinct functionalities. Humans often acquire the ability to identify these regions through action demonstrations and verbal instructions. In this paper, we present a novel multimodal framework that extracts affordance knowledge from exocentric images, which depict human-object interactions, as well as from accompanying textual descriptions that describe the performed actions. The extracted knowledge is then transferred to egocentric images.
To achieve this goal, we propose the HOI-Transfer Module, which utilizes local perception to disentangle individual actions within exocentric images. This module effectively captures localized features and correlations between actions, leading to valuable affordance knowledge. Additionally, we introduce the Pixel-Text Fusion Module, which fuses affordance knowledge by identifying regions in egocentric images that bear resemblances to the textual features defining affordances.
We employ a Weakly Supervised Multimodal Affordance (WSMA) learning approach, utilizing image-level labels for training. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method in terms of evaluation metrics and visual results when compared to existing affordance grounding models. Furthermore, ablation experiments confirm the effectiveness of our approach. Code:https://github.com/xulingjing88/WSMA.

Weakly Supervised Multimodal Affordance Grounding for Egocentric Images | VIDEO

Multimodal Entity Linking (MEL) aims at linking ambiguous mentions with multimodal information to entity in Knowledge Graph (KG) such as Wikipedia, which plays a key role in many applications. However, existing methods suffer from shortcomings, including modality impurity such as noise in raw image and ambiguous textual entity representation, which puts obstacles to MEL. We formulate multimodal entity linking as a neural text matching problem where each multimodal information (text and image) is treated as a query, and the model learns the mapping from each query to the relevant entity from candidate entities. This paper introduces a dual-way enhanced (DWE) framework for MEL: (1) our model refines queries with multimodal data and addresses semantic gaps using cross-modal enhancers between text and image information. Besides, DWE innovatively leverages fine-grained image attributes, including facial characteristic and scene feature, to enhance and refine visual features. (2)By using Wikipedia descriptions, DWE enriches entity semantics and obtains more comprehensive textual representation, which reduces between textual representation and the entities in KG. Extensive experiments on three public benchmarks demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance, indicating the superiority of our model. The code will be made public available.

A Dual-Way Enhanced Framework from Text Matching Point of View for Multimodal Entity Linking

Passive object detectors, trained on large-scale static datasets, often overlook the feedback from object detection to image acquisition. Embodied vision and active detection mitigate this issue by interacting with the environment. Nevertheless, the materialization of activeness hinges on resource-intensive data collection and annotation. To tackle these challenges, we propose a collaborative student-teacher framework. Technically, a replay buffer is built based on the trajectory data to encapsulate the relationship of state, action, and reward. In addition, the student network diverges from reinforcement learning by redefining sequential decision pathways using a GPT structure enriched with causal self-attention. Moreover, the teacher network establishes a subtle state-reward mapping based on adjacent benefit differences, providing reliable rewards for student adaptively self-tuning with the vast unlabeled replay buffer data. Additionally, an innovative yet straightforward benefit reference value is proposed within the teacher network, adding to its effectiveness and simplicity. Leveraging a flexible replay buffer and embodied collaboration between teacher and student, the framework learns to see before detection with shallower features and shorter inference steps. Experiments highlight significant advantages of our algorithm over state-of-the-art detectors.

Learn How to See: Collaborative Embodied Learning for Object Detection and Camera Adjusting

Automatic sleep staging is essential for sleep assessment and disorder diagnosis. Most existing methods depend on one specific dataset and are limited to be generalized to other unseen datasets, for which the training data and testing data are from the same dataset. In this paper, we introduce domain generalization into automatic sleep staging and propose the task of generalizable sleep staging which aims to improve the model generalization ability to unseen datasets. Inspired by existing domain generalization methods, we adopt the feature alignment idea and propose a framework called SleepDG to solve it. Considering both of local salient features and sequential features are important for sleep staging, we propose a Multi-level Feature Alignment combining epoch-level and sequence-level feature alignment to learn domain-invariant feature representations. Specifically, we design an Epoch-level Feature Alignment to align the feature distribution of each single sleep epoch among different domains, and a Sequence-level Feature Alignment to minimize the discrepancy of sequential features among different domains. SleepDG is validated on five public datasets, achieving the state-of-the-art performance.

Generalizable Sleep Staging via Multi-Level Domain Alignment

Fine-grained visual classification (FGVC) involves categorizing fine subdivisions within a broader category, which poses challenges due to subtle inter-class discrepancies and large intra-class variations. However, prevailing approaches primarily focus on uni-modal visual concepts. Recent advancements in pre-trained vision-language models have demonstrated remarkable performance in various high-level vision tasks, yet the applicability of such models to FGVC tasks remains uncertain. In this paper, we aim to fully exploit the capabilities of cross-modal description to tackle FGVC tasks and propose a novel multimodal prompting solution, denoted as MP-FGVC, based on the contrastive language-image pertaining (CLIP) model. Our MP-FGVC comprises a multimodal prompts scheme and a multimodal adaptation scheme. The former includes Subcategory-specific Vision Prompt (SsVP) and Discrepancy-aware Text Prompt (DaTP), which explicitly highlights the subcategory-specific discrepancies from the perspectives of both vision and language. The latter aligns the vision and text prompting elements in a common semantic space, facilitating cross-modal collaborative reasoning through a Vision-Language Fusion Module (VLFM) for further improvement on FGVC. Moreover, we tailor a two-stage optimization strategy for MP-FGVC to fully leverage the pre-trained CLIP model and expedite efficient adaptation for FGVC. Extensive experiments conducted on four FGVC datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our MP-FGVC.

Delving into Multimodal Prompting for Fine-Grained Visual Classification | VIDEO

Solving Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations (SPDEs) poses computational challenges arising from the rapid transitions in their solutions within thin regions. The effectiveness of deep learning in addressing differential equations motivates us to employ these methods for solving SPDEs. In this paper, we introduce Component Fourier Neural Operator (ComFNO), an innovative operator learning method that builds upon Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), while simultaneously incorporating valuable prior knowledge obtained from asymptotic analysis. Our approach is not limited to FNO and can be applied to other neural network frameworks, such as Deep Operator Network (DeepONet), leading to potential similar SPDEs solvers. Experimental results across diverse classes of SPDEs demonstrate that ComFNO significantly improves accuracy compared to vanilla FNO. Furthermore, ComFNO exhibits natural adaptability to diverse data distributions and performs well in few-shot scenarios, showcasing its excellent generalization ability in practical situations.

Component Fourier Neural Operator for Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations | VIDEO

Text-based person search is a challenging task aimed at locating specific target pedestrians through text descriptions. Recent advancements have been made in this field, but there remains a deficiency in datasets tailored for text-based person search. The creation of new, real-world datasets is hindered by concerns such as the risk of pedestrian privacy leakage and the substantial costs of annotation. In this paper, we introduce a framework, named Diverse Person (DP), to achieve efficient and high-quality text-based person search data generation without involving privacy concerns. Specifically, we propose to leverage available images of clothing and accessories as reference attribute images to edit the original dataset images through diffusion models. Additionally, we employ a Large Language Model (LLM) to produce annotations that are both high in quality and stylistically consistent with those found in real-world datasets. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the baseline models trained with our DP can achieve new state-of-the-art results on three public datasets, with performance improvements up to 4.82%, 2.15%, and 2.28% on CUHK-PEDES, ICFG-PEDES, and RSTPReid in terms of Rank-1 accuracy, respectively.

Diverse Person: Customize Your Own Dataset for Text-Based Person Search | VIDEO

Bio-inspired spike camera mimics the sampling principle of primate fovea. It presents high temporal resolution and dynamic range, showing great promise in fast-moving object recognition. However, the physical limit of CMOS technology in spike cameras still hinders their capability of recognizing ultra-high-speed moving objects, e.g., extremely fast motions cause blur during the imaging process of spike cameras. This paper presents the first theoretical analysis for the causes of spiking motion blur and proposes a robust representation that addresses this issue through temporal-spatial context learning. The proposed method leverages multi-span feature aggregation to capture temporal cues and employs residual deformable convolution to model spatial correlation among neighbouring pixels. Additionally, this paper contributes an original real-captured spiking recognition dataset consisting of 12,000 \textbf{ultra-high-speed} (equivalent speed > 500 km/h) moving objects. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 73.2% accuracy in recognizing 10 classes of ultra-high-speed moving objects, outperforming all existing spike-based recognition methods. Resources will be available at https://github.com/Evin-X/UHSR.

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