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This presentation presents our submission to task 10, Structured Sentiment Analysis of the SemEval 2022 competition. The task aims to extract all elements of the fine-grained sentiment in a text. We cast structured sentiment analysis to the prediction of the sentiment graphs following (Barnes et al., 2021), where nodes are spans of sentiment holders, targets and expressions, and directed edges denote the relation types be- tween them. Our approach closely follows that of semantic dependency parsing (Dozat and Manning, 2018). The difference is that we use pre-trained language models (e.g., BERT and RoBERTa) as text encoder to solve the prob- lem of limited annotated data. Additionally, we make improvements on the computation of cross attention and present the suffix mask- ing technique to make further performance im- provement. Substantially, our model achieved the Top-1 average Sentiment Graph F1 score on seven datasets in five different languages in the monolingual subtask.

NAACL 2022

ZHIXIAOBAO at SemEval-2022 Task 10: Apporoaching Structured Sentiment with Graph Parsing

semantic dependency parsing

language model

sentiment analysis

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ACL-IJCNLP 2021

The great event is jointly organized by the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) and Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing (AFNLP).

workshop paper

## Welcome to NAACL 2022!
The Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL) is taking place July 10-15, 2022 as a hybrid event, in Seattle, WA and online. We are happy to welcome all of you to conference! 
 
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[The NAACL 2022 Organizing Committee](https://2022.naacl.org/committees/organization/)

2022 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Large scale pre-training models have been widely used in named entity recognition (NER) task. However, model ensemble through param- eter averaging or voting can not full play to the differentiation advantages of different models, expecially in open domain. In this paper, we describes our NER system in the SemEval 2022 task11: MultiCoNER. We proposed an effec- tive system to adaptively ensemble pre-trained language models by a Transformer layer. By assigning different weights to each model for different inputs, we adopted the Transformer layer to effectively integrate the advantages of diverse models. Experimental results show that our method achieves superior performances on Farsi and Dutch.

SFE-AI at SemEval-2022 Task 11: Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition using Large Pre-trained Language Models

Patronizing and Condescending Language (PCL) towards vulnerable communities in general media has been shown to have potentially harmful effects. Due to its subtlety and the good intentions behind its use, the audience is not aware of the language's toxicity. In this paper, we present our method for the SemEval-2022 Task4 titled "Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection". In Subtask A, a binary classification task, we introduce adversarial training based on Fast Gradient Method (FGM) and employ pre-trained model in a unified architecture. For Subtask B, framed as a multi-label classification problem, we utilize various improved multi-label cross-entropy loss functions and analyze the performance of our method. In the final evaluation, our system achieved official rankings of 17/79 and 16/49 on Subtask A and Subtask B, respectively. In addition, we explore the relationship between PCL and emotional polarity and intensity it contains.

GUTS at SemEval-2022 Task 4: Adversarial Training and Balancing Methods for Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection

This paper describes the system used by the Machine Learning Group of LTU in subtask 1 of the SemEval-2022 Task 4: Patronizing and Condescending Language (PCL) Detection. Our system consists of finetuning a pretrained
Text-to-Text-Transfer Transformer (T5) and innovatively reducing its out-of-class predictions. The main contributions of this paper are 1) the description of the implementation details of the T5 model we used, 2) analysis of the successes
& struggles of the model in this task, and 3) ablation studies beyond the official submission to ascertain the relative importance of data split. Our model achieves an F1 score of 0.5452 on the official test set.

ML_LTU at SemEval-2022 Task 4: T5 Towards Identifying Patronizing and Condescending Language

The multilingual complex named entity recognition task of SemEval2020 required participants to detect semantically ambiguous and complex entities in 11 languages. In order to participate in this competition, a deep learning model is being used with the T5 text-to-text language model and its multilingual version, MT5, along with the transformer's encoder module. The subtoken check has also been introduced, resulting in a 4% increase in the model F1-score in English. We also examined the use of the BPEmb model for converting input tokens to representation vectors in this research. A performance evaluation of the proposed entity detection model is presented at the end of this paper. Six different scenarios were defined, and the proposed model was evaluated in each scenario within the English development set. Our model is also evaluated in other languages.

Multilingual complex named entity recognition using T5 and transformer encoder

The paper describes SemEval-2022’s shared task "Intended Sarcasm Detection in English and Arabic." This task includes English and Arabic tweets with sarcasm and non-sarcasm samples and irony speech labels. The first two subtasks predict whether a text is sarcastic and the ironic category the sarcasm sample belongs to. The third one is to find the sarcastic sample from a sarcastic sample and its non-sarcastic paraphrase. Deep neural networks have recently achieved highly competitive performance in many tasks. Combining deep learning with language models has also resulted in acceptable accuracy. Inspired by this, we propose a novel deep learning model on top of language models. On top of T5, the architecture uses an encoder module of the transformer, followed by LSTM and attention to utilizing past and future information, concentrating on informative tokens. Due to the success of the proposed model, we used the same architecture
with a few modifications to the output layer in all three subtasks.

iSarcasm Detection via T5 
and Sequence Learners

Detecting sarcasm and verbal irony from people’s subjective statements is crucial to understanding their intended meanings and real sentiments and positions in social scenarios. This paper describes the X-PuDu system that participated in SemEval-2022 Task 6, iSarcasmEval-Intended Sarcasm Detection in English and Arabic, which aims at detecting intended sarcasm in various settings of natural language understanding. Our solution finetunes pre-trained language models, such as ERNIE-M and DeBERTa, under the multilingual settings to recognize the irony from Arabic and English texts. Our system ranked second out of 43, and ninth out of 32 in Task A: one-sentence detection in English and Arabic; fifth out of 22 in Task B: binary multi-label classification in English; first out of 16, and fifth out of 13 in Task C: sentence-pair detection in English and Arabic. 


X-PuDu at SemEval-2022 Task 6: Multilingual Learning for English and Arabic Sarcasm Detection

Sentiment analysis is a classical problem of natural language processing. SemEval 2022 sets a problem on the structured sentiment analysis in task 10, which is also a study-worthy topic in research area. In this paper, we propose a method which can predict structured sentiment information on multiple languages with limited data. The ERNIE-M pretrained language model is employed as a lingual feature extractor which works well on multiple language processing, followed by a graph parser as a opinion extractor. The method can predict structured sentiment information with high interpretability. We apply data augmentation as the given datasets are so small. Furthermore, we use K-fold cross-validation and DeBERTaV3 pretrained model as extra English embedding generator to train multiple models as our ensemble strategies. Experimental results show that the proposed model has considerable performance on both monolingual and cross-lingual tasks.

SPDB Innovation Lab at SemEval-2022 Task 10: A Novel End-to-End
Structured Sentiment Analysis Model based on the ERNIE-M

Our presentation describes our system, which placed third in the Multilingual Track (subtask 11), fourth in the Code-Mixed Track (subtask 12), and seventh in the Chinese Track (subtask 9) in the SemEval 2022 Task 11: MultiCoNER Multilingual Complex Named Entity Recognition. Our system's key contributions are as follows: 1) For multilingual NER tasks, we offer an unified framework with which one can easily execute single-language or multilingual NER tasks, 2) for low-resource code-mixed NER task, one can easily enhance his or her dataset through implementing several simple data augmentation methods and 3) for Chinese tasks, we propose a model that can capture Chinese lexical semantic, lexical border, and lexical graph structural information. Finally, our system 
achieves macro-f1 scores of 77.66, 84.35, and 74.00 on subtasks 11, 12, and 9, respectively, during the testing phase.

Qtrade AI at SemEval-2022 Task 11: An Unified Framework for Multilingual NER Task

We present the participation of the EMBEDDIA team in the SemEval-2022 Task 8 (Multilingual News Article Similarity). We cover several techniques and propose different methods for finding the multilingual news article similarity by exploring the dataset in its entirety. We take advantage of the textual content of the articles, the provided metadata (e.g., titles, keywords, topics), the translated articles, the images (those that were available), and knowledge graph-based representations for entities and relations present in the articles. We, then, compute the semantic similarity between the different features and predict through regression the similarity scores. Our findings show that, while our proposed methods obtained promising results, exploiting the semantic textual similarity with sentence representations is unbeatable. Finally, in the official SemEval-2022 Task 8, we ranked fifth in the overall team ranking cross-lingual results, and second in the English-only results.

EMBEDDIA at SemEval-2022 Task 8: Investigating Sentence, Image, and Knowledge Graph Representations for Multilingual News Article Similarity

This paper describes the submission of the team Amrita_CEN to the shared task on iSarcasm Eval: Intended Sarcasm Detection in English and Arabic at SemEval 2022. 
The sarcasm detection task was formulated as a classification problem and modelled using machine learning classifiers. We used K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and the Random Forest ensemble method. In addition, the class imbalance problem in the dataset was addressed using a feature engineering technique. We submitted the predictions by SVM, Logistic Regression and Random Forest ensemble based on the performance during training. 


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SFE-AI at SemEval-2022 Task 11: Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition using Large Pre-trained Language Models

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