Austria

This paper introduces UAlign, the comprehensive benchmark for evaluating the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the Ukrainian language. The benchmark consists of two complementary components: a moral judgment dataset with 3,682 scenarios of varying ethical complexities and a dataset with 1,700 ethical situations presenting clear normative distinctions. Each element provides parallel English-Ukrainian text pairs, enabling cross-lingual comparison. Unlike existing resources predominantly developed for high-resource languages, our benchmark addresses the critical need for evaluation resources in Ukrainian. The development process involved machine translation and linguistic validation using Ukrainian language models for grammatical error correction. Our cross-lingual evaluation of six LLMs confirmed the existence of a performance gap between alignment in Ukrainian and English while simultaneously providing valuable insights regarding the overall alignment capabilities of these models. The benchmark has been made publicly available to facilitate further research initiatives and enhance commercial applications.

Warning: The datasets introduced in this paper contain sensitive materials related to ethical and moral scenarios that may include offensive, harmful, illegal, or controversial content.

ACL 2025

UAlign: LLM Alignment Benchmark for the Ukrainian Language

### Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Message from the General Chair: 
*It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025), held in beautiful Vienna, Austria, from July 27 to August 1, 2025. ACL2025continues our field’s tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity, and I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers who have worked tirelessly to bring this event to life.* 
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Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

workshop paper

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, but they often inherit biases present in the data they are trained on, leading to unfair or unreliable outcomes—particularly in sensitive areas such as hiring, medical decision-making, and education. This paper evaluates gender bias in LLMs within the Ukrainian language context, where the gendered nature of the language and the use of feminitives introduce additional complexity to bias analysis. We propose a benchmark for measuring bias in Ukrainian and assess several debiasing methods, including prompt debiasing, embedding debiasing, and fine-tuning, to evaluate their effectiveness. Our results suggest that embedding debiasing alone is insufficient for a morphologically rich language like Ukrainian, whereas fine-tuning proves more effective in mitigating bias for domain-specific tasks.

GBEM-UA: Gender Bias Evaluation and Mitigation for Ukrainian Large Language Models


This paper presents a pipeline for generating gender-balanced datasets through sentence-level gender swapping, addressing the gender-imbalance issue in Ukrainian texts. We select sentences with gender-marked entities, focusing on job titles, generate their inverted alternatives using LLMs and human-in-the-loop, and fine-tune Aya-101 on the resulting dataset for the task of gender swapping. Additionally, we train a Named Entity Recognition (NER) model on gender-balanced data, demonstrating its ability to better recognize gendered entities. The findings unveil the potential of gender-balanced datasets to enhance model robustness and support more fair language processing. Finally, we make a gender-swapped version of NER-UK~2.0 and the fine-tuned Aya-101 model available for download and further research.

Gender Swapping as a Data Augmentation Technique: Developing Gender-Balanced Datasets for Ukrainian Language Processing

This paper presents the results of the UNLP 2025 Shared Task on Detecting Social Media Manipulation. The task included two tracks: Technique Classification and Span Identification. 
The benchmark dataset contains 9,557 posts from Ukrainian Telegram channels manually annotated by media experts. A total of 51 teams registered, 22 teams submitted systems, and 595 runs were evaluated on a hidden test set via Kaggle. Performance was measured with macro F1 for classification and token‑level F1 for identification. 
The shared task provides the first publicly available benchmark for manipulation detection in Ukrainian social media and highlights promising directions for low‑resource propaganda research. The Kaggle leaderboard is left open for further submissions.

The UNLP 2025 Shared Task on Detecting Social Media Manipulation

The Russia-Ukraine war has transformed social media into a critical battleground for information warfare, making the detection of manipulation techniques in online content an urgent security concern. This work presents our system developed for the UNLP 2025 Shared Tasks, which addresses both manipulation technique classification and span identification in Ukrainian Telegram posts. In this paper, we have explored several machine learning approaches (LR, SVC, GB, NB) , deep learning architectures (CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, GRU hybrid) and state-of-the-art multilingual transformers (mDeBERTa, InfoXLM, mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa). Our experiments showed that fine-tuning transformer models for the specific tasks significantly improved their performance, with XLM-RoBERTa large delivering the best results by securing 3rd place in technique classification task with a Macro F1 score of 0.4551 and 2nd place in span identification task with a span F1 score of 0.6045. These results demonstrate that large pre-trained multilingual models effectively detect subtle manipulation tactics in Slavic languages, advancing the development of tools to combat online manipulation in political contexts.

Detecting Manipulation in Ukrainian Telegram: A Transformer-Based Approach to Technique Classification and Span Identification

This paper presents one of the top-performing solutions to the UNLP 2025 Shared Task on Detecting Manipulation in Social Media. The task focuses on detecting and classifying rhetorical and stylistic manipulation techniques used to influence Ukrainian Telegram users. For the classification subtask, we fine-tuned the Gemma 2 language model with LoRA adapters and applied a second-level classifier leveraging meta-features and threshold optimization. For span detection, we employed an XLM-RoBERTa model trained for multi-target, including token binary classification. Our approach achieved 2nd place in classification and 3rd place in span detection.

Hidden Persuasion: Detecting Manipulative Narratives on Social Media During the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine

Detecting manipulation techniques in online text is vital for combating misinformation, a task complicated by generative AI. This paper compares machine learning approaches for multi-label classification of 10 techniques in Ukrainian Telegram content (UNLP 2025 Shared Task 1). Our evaluation included TF-IDF, fine-tuned XLM-RoBERTa-Large, PEFT-LLM (Gemma, Mistral) and a RAG approach (E5 + Mistral Nemo). The fine-tuned XLM-RoBERTa-Large model, which incorporates weighted loss to address class imbalance, yielded the highest Macro F1 score (0.4346). This result surpassed the performance of TF-IDF (Macro F1 0.32-0.36), the PEFT-LLM (0.28-0.33) and RAG (0.309). Synthetic data slightly helped TF-IDF but reduced transformer model performance. The results demonstrate the strong performance of standard transformers like XLM-R when appropriately configured for this classification task.

Comparing Methods for Multi-Label Classification of Manipulation Techniques in Ukrainian Telegram Content

In this paper, we present our solutions for the two UNLP 2025 shared tasks: manipulation span detection and manipulation technique classification in Ukraine-related media content sourced from Telegram channels. 

We experimented with fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with up to 12 billion parameters, including both encoder- and decoder-based architectures. Our experiments identified Gemma 3 12b with a custom classification head as the best-performing model for both tasks. 

To address the limited size of the original training dataset, we generated 50k synthetic samples and marked up an additional 400k media entries containing manipulative content.

Framing the Language: Fine-Tuning Gemma 3 for Manipulation Detection

We participated in the Fourth UNLP shared task on detecting social media manipulation in Ukrainian Telegram posts, addressing both multilabel technique classification and token-level span identification. We propose two complementary solutions: for classification, we fine-tune the decoder-only model with class-balanced grid-search thresholding and ensembling. For span detection, we convert causal LLM into a bidirectional encoder via masked language modeling pretraining on large Ukrainian and Russian news corpora before fine-tuning. Our solutions achieve SOTA metric results on both shared task track. Our work demonstrates the efficacy of bidirectional pretraining for decoder-only LLMs and robust threshold optimization, contributing new methods for disinformation detection in low-resource languages.

Transforming Causal LLM into MLM Encoder for Detecting Social Media Manipulation in Telegram


This study examines the lexical and syntactic interventions of human and LLM proofreading aimed at improving overall intelligibility in identical second language writings, and evaluates the consistency of outcomes across three LLMs (ChatGPT-4o, Llama3.1-8b, Deepseek-r1-8b). Findings show that both human and LLM proofreading enhance bigram lexical features, which may contribute to better coherence and contextual connectedness between adjacent words. However, LLM proofreading exhibits a more generative approach, extensively reworking vocabulary and sentence structures, such as employing more diverse and sophisticated vocabulary and incorporating a greater number of adjective modifiers in noun phrases. The proofreading outcomes are highly consistent in major lexical and syntactic features across the three models.

Comparing human and LLM proofreading in L2 writing: Impact on lexical and syntactic features

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed various domains, particularly computer science (CS) education. These models exhibit remarkable capabilities in code-related tasks and problem-solving, raising questions about their potential and limitations in advanced CS contexts. This study presents a novel bilingual (English–Romanian) multimodal (text and image) dataset of multiple-choice questions derived from a high-level computer science competition. A particularity of our dataset is that the problems are conceived such that some of them are easier solved using reasoning on paper, while for others writing code is more efficient. We systematically evaluate State of The Art LLMs on this dataset, analyzing their performance on theoretical programming tasks. Our findings reveal the strengths and limitations of current LLMs, including the influence of language choice (English vs. Romanian), providing insights into their applicability in CS education and competition settings. We also address critical ethical considerations surrounding educational integrity and the fairness of assessments in the context of LLM usage. These discussions aim to inform future educational practices and policies. To support further research, our dataset will be made publicly available in both English and Romanian. Additionally, we release an educational application tailored for Romanian students, enabling them to self-assess using the dataset in an interactive and practice-oriented environment.

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