United States

Complex table question answering (TQA) aims to answer questions that require complex reasoning, such as multi-step or multi-category reasoning, over data represented in tabular form. Previous approaches demonstrate notable performance by leveraging either closed-source large language models (LLMs) or fine-tuned open-weight LLMs. However, fine-tuning LLMs requires high-quality training data, which is costly to obtain. The use of closed-source LLMs poses accessibility challenges and leads to reproducibility issues. In this paper, we propose Multi Agent Collaboration with Tool use (MACT), a framework that requires neither fine-tuning nor closed-source models. In MACT, a planning agent and a coding agent that also make use of tools collaborate for TQA. MACT outperforms previous SoTA systems on three out of four benchmarks and performs comparably to the larger and more expensive closed-source model GPT-4 on two benchmarks, even when using only open-weight models without any fine-tuning. Our extensive analyses prove the effectiveness of MACT’s multi-agent collaboration in TQA. We release our code publicly.

NAACL 2025

Efficient Multi-Agent Collaboration with Tool Use for Online Planning in Complex Table Question Answering

table question answering; planning; tool use

### Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

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*It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025), held in beautiful Vienna, Austria, from July 27 to August 1, 2025. ACL2025continues our field’s tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity, and I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers who have worked tirelessly to bring this event to life.* 
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ACL 2025

Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

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### Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Welcome to the 2025 meeting of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics! I am proud to help organize the first NAACL conference to carry the new name of our organization, one that emphasizes inclusion for all of the Americas. I am also pleased to welcome you to Albuquerque, New Mexico, a state whose unique blend of cultural influences will make for an excellent backdrop for NAACL 2025, especially with this year’s special theme on NLP in a Multicultural World. 
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Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

This paper presents ViSP, a high-quality Vietnamese dataset for sentence paraphrasing, consisting of 1.2M original–paraphrase pairs collected from various domains. The dataset was constructed using a hybrid approach that combines automatic paraphrase generation with manual evaluation to ensure high quality. We conducted experiments using methods such as back-translation, EDA, and baseline models like BART and T5, as well as large language models (LLMs), including GPT-4o, Gemini-1.5, Aya, Qwen-2.5, and Meta-Llama-3.1 variants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large-scale study on Vietnamese paraphrasing. We hope that our dataset and findings will serve as a valuable foundation for future research and applications in Vietnamese paraphrase tasks. The dataset is available for research purposes at <https://github.com/ngwgsang/ViSP>.

A Large-Scale Benchmark for Vietnamese Sentence Paraphrases

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance across various text generation tasks, but remain under-explored in the patent domain, which offers highly structured and precise language. This paper constructs a dataset to investigate the performance of current LLMs in patent claim generation. Our results demonstrate that generating claims based on patent descriptions outperforms previous research relying on abstracts. Interestingly, current patent-specific LLMs perform much worse than state-of-the-art general LLMs, highlighting the necessity for future research on in-domain LLMs. We also find that LLMs can produce high-quality first independent claims, but their performances markedly decrease for subsequent dependent claims. Moreover, fine-tuning can enhance the completeness of inventions' features, conceptual clarity, and feature linkage. Among the tested LLMs, GPT-4 demonstrates the best performance in comprehensive human evaluations by patent experts, with better feature coverage, conceptual clarity, and technical coherence. Despite these capabilities, comprehensive revision and modification are still necessary to pass rigorous patent scrutiny and ensure legal robustness.

Can Large Language Models Generate High-quality Patent Claims?

Existing approaches for low-resource text summarization primarily employ large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3 or GPT-4 at inference time to generate summaries directly; however, such approaches often suffer from inconsistent LLM outputs and are difficult to adapt to domain-specific data in low-resource scenarios. In this work, we propose two novel methods to effectively utilize LLMs for low-resource text summarization: 1) MixSumm, an LLM-based data augmentation regime that synthesizes high-quality documents (short and long) for few-shot text summarization, and 2) PPSL, a prompt-based pseudolabeling strategy for sample-efficient semi-supervised text summarization. Specifically, MixSumm leverages the open-source LLaMA-3-70b-Instruct model to generate new documents by mixing topical information derived from a small seed set, and PPSL leverages the LLaMA-3-70b-Instruct model to generate high-quality pseudo-labels in a semi-supervised learning setup. We evaluate our methods on the TweetSumm, WikiHow, and ArXiv/PubMed datasets and use L-Eval, a LLaMA-3-based evaluation metric, and ROUGE scores to measure the quality of generated summaries. Our experiments on extractive and abstractive summarization show that MixSumm and PPSL achieve competitive ROUGE scores as a fully supervised method with 5% of the labeled data. We release our codebase here: https://github.com/ServiceNow/text-summarization-with-llms/

A Guide To Effectively Leveraging LLMs for Low-Resource Text Summarization: Data Augmentation and Semi-supervised Approaches

This study investigates retrieval-augmented summarization by specifically examining the impact of exemplar summary lengths because previous methods have not considered length constraints. We propose a Diverse Length-aware Maximal Marginal Relevance (DL-MMR) algorithm to better control summary lengths. This algorithm combines the query relevance with diverse target lengths in retrieval-augmented summarization. Unlike previous methods that necessitate exhaustive exemplar-exemplar relevance comparisons using MMR, DL-MMR considers the exemplar target length as well and avoids comparing exemplars to each other, thereby reducing computational cost and conserving memory during the construction of an exemplar pool. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of DL-MMR, which considers length diversity, compared to the original MMR algorithm. DL-MMR additionally showed the effectiveness in memory saving of 781,513 times and computational cost reduction of 500,092 times, while maintaining the same level of informativeness.

Considering Length Diversity in Retrieval-Augmented Summarization

Evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in low-resource languages like Persian has received less attention than in high-resource languages like English. Existing evaluation approaches for Persian LLMs generally lack comprehensive frameworks, limiting their ability to assess models' performance over a wide range of tasks requiring considerable cultural and contextual knowledge, as well as a deeper understanding of Persian literature and style. This paper first aims to fill this gap by providing two new benchmarks, PeKA and PK-BETS, on topics such as history, literature, and cultural knowledge, as well as challenging the present state-of-the-art models' abilities in a variety of Persian language comprehension tasks. These datasets are meant to reduce data contamination while providing an accurate assessment of Persian LLMs. The second aim of this paper is the general evaluation of LLMs across the current Persian benchmarks to provide a comprehensive performance overview. By offering a structured evaluation methodology, we hope to promote the examination of LLMs in the Persian language.

Advancing Persian LLM Evaluation

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) prevails in Large Language Models. It mainly consists of retrieval and generation. The retrieval modules (a.k.a. retrievers) aim to find useful information used to facilitate the generation modules (a.k.a. generators). As such, generators' performance largely depends on the effectiveness and efficiency of retrievers. However, the widely used retrieval paradigm remains flat. It treats retrieval procedures as a one-off deal with constant granularity. Despite effectiveness, we argue that they suffer from two limitations: (1) flat retrieval exerts a significant burden on one retriever; (2) constant granularity limits the ceiling of retrieval performance. In this work, we propose a progressive retrieval paradigm with coarse-to-fine granularity for RAG, termed FunnelRAG, so as to balance effectiveness and efficiency. Specifically, FunnelRAG establishes a progressive retrieval pipeline by collaborating coarse-to-fine granularity, large-to-small quantity, and low-to-high capacity, which can relieve the burden on one retriever and also promote the ceiling of retrieval performance. Extensive experiments manifest that FunnelRAG achieves comparable retrieval performance while the time overhead is reduced by nearly 40 percent.

FunnelRAG: A Coarse-to-Fine Progressive Retrieval Paradigm for RAG

The recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly influenced the development of Large Multi-modal Video Models (Video-LMMs), significantly enhancing our ability to interpret and analyze video data. Despite their impressive capabilities, current Video-LMMs have not been evaluated for anomaly detection tasks, which is critical to their deployment in practical scenarios e.g., towards identifying deepfakes, manipulated video content, traffic accidents and crimes. In this paper, we introduce VANE-Bench, a benchmark designed to assess the proficiency of Video-LMMs in detecting and localizing anomalies and inconsistencies in videos. Our dataset comprises an array of videos synthetically generated using existing state-of-the-art text-to-video generation models, encompassing a variety of subtle anomalies and inconsistencies grouped into five categories: unnatural transformations, unnatural appearance, pass-through, disappearance and sudden appearance. Additionally, our benchmark features real-world samples from existing anomaly detection datasets, focusing on crime-related irregularities, atypical pedestrian behavior, and unusual events. The task is structured as a visual question-answering challenge to gauge the models' ability to accurately detect and localize the anomalies within the videos. We evaluate nine existing Video-LMMs, both open and closed sources, on this benchmarking task and find that most of the models encounter difficulties in effectively identifying the subtle anomalies. In conclusion, our research offers significant insights into the current capabilities of Video-LMMs in the realm of anomaly detection, highlighting the importance of our work in evaluating and improving these models for real-world applications. Our code and data is publicly available at https://github.com/rohit901/VANE-Bench.

VANE-Bench: Video Anomaly Evaluation Benchmark for Conversational LMMs

Exploiting large language models (LLMs) to tackle reasoning has garnered growing attention. It still remains highly challenging to achieve satisfactory results in complex logical problems, characterized by plenty of premises within the context and requiring multi-hop reasoning. In particular, the reasoning capabilities of LLMs are brittle to disorder and distractibility. In this work, we first examine the mechanism from the perspective of information flow and reveal that LLMs confront difficulties akin to human-like cognitive biases when dealing with disordered and irrelevant content in reasoning tasks. However, in contrast to LLMs, disordered and irrelevant content does not significantly decrease human performance, as humans have a propensity to distill the most relevant information and systematically organize their thoughts, aiding them in responding to questions.Stem from that, we further propose a novel reasoning approach named Concise and Organized Perception (COP). COP carefully analyzes the given statements to identify the most pertinent information while eliminating redundancy efficiently. It then prompts the LLMs in a more organized form that adapts to the model's inference process. By perceiving concise and organized context, the reasoning abilities of LLMs can be better elicited. Extensive experimental results on several popular logical benchmarks (ProofWriter, PrOntoQA, PrOntoQA-OOD, and FOLIO) and mathematical benchmark (DI-GSM) show that COP significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods.

Concise and Organized Perception Facilitates Reasoning in Large Language Models

Large Language Models infuse newfound vigor into the advancement of the medical domain, yet the scarcity of data poses a significant bottleneck hindering community progress. In this paper, we release the largest ever medical Question Answering (QA) dataset with 26 Million QA pairs named Huatuo-26M. We benchmark many existing approaches in our dataset in terms of both retrieval and generation. We also experimentally show the benefit of the proposed dataset in many aspects: (i) it serves as a fine-tuning data for training medical Large Language Models (LLMs); (ii) it works as an external knowledge source for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG); (iii) it demonstrates transferability by enhancing zero-shot performance on other QA datasets; and (iv) it aids in training biomedical model as a pre-training corpus. Our empirical findings substantiate the dataset's utility in these domains, thereby confirming its significance as a resource in the medical QA landscape.

Huatuo-26M, a Large-scale Chinese Medical QA Dataset

Multimodal metaphor detection is an important and challenging task in multimedia computing, which aims to distinguish between metaphorical and literal multimodal expressions. Existing studies mainly utilize typical multimodal computing approaches for detection, neglecting the unique cross-domain and cross-modality characteristics underlying multimodal metaphor understanding. According to Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the inconsistency between source and target domains and their attribute similarity are essential to infer the intricate meanings implied in metaphors. In practice, the scarcity of the annotated multimodal metaphorical contents in the real world brings additional difficulty to the detection task and further complicates the understanding of multimodal metaphors. To address the above challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel Imaginative FRame Augmented (ImaRA) method for low-resource multimodal metaphor detection and explanation inspired by CMT. Specifically, we first identify imaginative frame as an associative structure to stimulate the imaginative thinking of multimodal metaphor detection and understanding. We then construct a cross-modal imagination dataset rich in multimodal metaphors and corresponding imaginative frames, and retrieve an augmented instance from this imagination dataset using imaginative frames mined from the input. This augmented instance serves as the demonstration exemplar to boost the metaphor reasoning ability of the multimodal large language model (MLLM) in low-resource multimodal scenarios. Experiments on two publicly available datasets show that our method consistently achieves robust results compared to MLLM-based methods for both multimodal metaphor detection and explanation in low-resource scenarios and meanwhile surpasses existing multimodal metaphor detection methods with full training data.

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A Large-Scale Benchmark for Vietnamese Sentence Paraphrases

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