United States

In recent years, deep learning has revenue in the field of automated medical landmark detection. Nonetheless, prevailing research on this field predominantly addresses either single-center scenarios or domain adaptation settings. In practical environments, the acquisition of multi-center data faces privacy concerns, coupled with the time-intensive and costly nature of data collection and annotation. These challenges substantially impede the broader application of deep learning-based medical landmark detection. To mitigate these issues, we propose a novel framework for domain-generalized medical landmark detection that relies solely on single-center data for training. Considering the availability of numerous public medical segmentation datasets, we design a simple yet effective method that utilizes single-center segmentation to enhance the domain generalization capabilities of the landmark detection task. Specifically, we introduce a novel boundary-aware pre-training approach designed to focus the model on regions pertinent to landmarks. To further enhance the robustness and generalization capabilities during pre-training, we have derived a mixing loss function and proof its effectiveness in theory and practice. Extensive experiments conducted on our new domain generalization benchmark for medical landmark detection demonstrate the superiority of our approach. All benchmark data and accompanying code from this study will be made publicly available upon acceptance, thereby contributing to the community.

AAAI 2025

Domain Generalized Medical Landmark Detection via Robust Boundary-Aware Pre-Training

other applications

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


ICPR 2020

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



Inconsistency is a common problem in knowledge, and so there is a need to analyse it. Inconsistency measures assess its severity, but there is a more basic question: "where is the inconsistency?". Typically, not all subsets of a knowledgebase are causing the inconsistency, and minimal inconsistent sets have been the standard way to localise the germane ones, even though there are shortcomings in some scenarios. Recently, $\star$-conflicts were proposed as a more suitable definition to localise inconsistency when considering a method to repair it. But in general there is no way to tell what is a sensible definition to capture the germane conflicts. This work provides a set of desirable properties to assess definitions for germane conflicts. Also, a new conflict definition, based on substitution, is presented and evaluated via the proposed properties, and the related computational complexity is analysed.

Germane Conflicts: Desirable Properties for Localising Inconsistency

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can alleviate hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by referencing external documents. However, the misinformation in external documents may mislead LLMs' generation. To address this issue, we explore the task of "credibility-aware RAG", in which LLMs automatically adjust the influence of retrieved documents based on their credibility scores to counteract misinformation. To this end, we introduce a plug-and-play method named $\textbf{Cr}$edibility-aware $\textbf{A}$ttention $\textbf{M}$odification (CrAM). CrAM identifies influential attention heads in LLMs and adjusts their attention scores based on the credibility of the documents, thereby reducing the impact of low-credibility documents. Experiments on Natual Questions and TriviaQA using Llama2-13B, Llama3-8B, and Qwen-7B show that CrAM improves the RAG performance of LLMs against misinformation pollution by over 20%, even surpassing supervised fine-tuning methods.

CrAM: Credibility-Aware Attention Modification in LLMs for Combating Misinformation in RAG

Sequential problems are ubiquitous in AI, such as in reinforcement learning or natural language processing. State-of-the-art deep sequential models, like transformers, excel in these settings but fail to guarantee the satisfaction of constraints necessary for trustworthy deployment. In contrast, neurosymbolic AI (NeSy) provides a sound formalism to enforce constraints in deep probabilistic models but scales exponentially on sequential problems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce relational neurosymbolic Markov models (NeSy-MMs), a new class of end-to-end differentiable sequential models that integrate and provably satisfy relational logical constraints. We propose a strategy for inference and learning that scales on sequential settings, and that combines approximate Bayesian inference, automated reasoning, and gradient estimation. Our experiments show that NeSy-MMs can solve problems beyond the current state-of-the-art in neurosymbolic AI and still provide strong guarantees with respect to desired properties. Moreover, we show that our models are more interpretable and that constraints can be adapted at test time to out-of-distribution scenarios.

Relational Neurosymbolic Markov Models

Representation learning of urban spatial-temporal data is fundamental and critical, serving a wide range of intelligent applications. Given that road networks and trajectories are inherently interrelated, their joint representation learning can significantly enhance the accuracy and utility of these applications. However, effectively learning joint representations for these two types of data remains challenging, particularly due to the complexities of interaction modeling and cross-scale optimization. 
To address these challenges, we propose a unified framework, named UniTR, for joint representation learning of road networks and trajectories. 
Specifically, we first design a hierarchical propagation mechanism to model the complex many-to-many interactions between road networks and trajectories, thereby generating informative embeddings.
Then, a triple-level contrastive optimization module is incorporated to systematically select valid positive and negative samples, further refining the embeddings. 
Experiments conducted on real-world datasets from two cities clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of UniTR.

UniTR: A Unified Framework for Joint Representation Learning of Trajectories and Road Networks

Pan-sharpening aims to preserve the spectral information of the multi-spectral (MS) image while leveraging the high-frequency details from the guided high-resolution panchromatic (PAN) image to enhance its spatial resolution. The key challenge is how to preserve the spectral information from the MS image and the spatial details from the PAN image as much as possible. Diffusion models have achieved favorable results in image restoration and synthesis tasks but suffer from excessive computational resource and time consumption. In this paper, we design a novel and computationally efficient diffusion-based pan-sharpening network that achieves accelerated diffusion while reducing task complexity by decoupling the high and low-frequency components of the fused image. Specifically, leveraging the information-preserving characteristic of the wavelet transformation, we introduce a Wavelet-based Low-frequency Diffusion Model (WLDM). WLDM generates the low-frequency coefficient of high-resolution MS (HRMS) image from the low-resolution MS (LRMS) image. This approach significantly reduces computational resources and complexity compared to the direct restoration of the HRMS image. Furthermore, we have devised a High-frequency Information Restoration Module (HIRM) to restore the high-frequency information in the HRMS image through the interaction of high-frequency coefficients from the PAN image in three directions. Extensive experiments on three different datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing approaches in both quantitative metrics, qualitative metrics, and inference efficiency.

Accelerated Diffusion via High-Low Frequency Decomposition for Pan-Sharpening

Motion planning is a critical module in autonomous driving, with the primary challenge from the uncertainty caused by the interactions with other participants. As most previous methods treat prediction and planning as separate tasks, it is difficult to model these interactions. Furthermore, as the route path navigates ego vehicles to a predefined destination, it provides relatively stable intentions for ego vehicles and helps to constrain uncertainty. On this basis, we construct Int2Planner, an $\textbf{Int}$ention-based $\textbf{Int}$egrated motion $\textbf{Planner}$ achieves multi-modal planning and prediction. Instead of static intention points, Int2Planner utilizes route intention points for the ego vehicle and generates corresponding planning trajectories for each intention point to facilitate multi-modal planning. The experiments on the private dataset and the public nuPlan benchmark show the effectiveness of route intention points and Int2Planner achieves state-of-the-art performance. We also deploy it in real-world vehicles and have conducted autonomous driving for hundreds of kilometers in urban areas. It further verifies that Int2Planner can continuously interact with the traffic environment.

Int2Planner: An Intention-based Multi-modal Motion Planner for Integrated Prediction and Planning

A core tension in the study of plurality elections is the clash between the classic Hotelling-Downs model, which predicts that two office-seeking candidates should cater to the median voter, and the empirical observation that democracies often have two major parties with divergent policies. Motivated in part by this tension, we introduce a dynamic model of candidate positioning based on a simple bounded rationality heuristic: candidates imitate the policy of previous winners. The resulting model is closely connected to evolutionary replicator dynamics. For uniformly-distributed voters, we prove in our model that with $k = 2$, $3$, or $4$ candidates per election, any symmetric candidate distribution converges over time to the center. With $k \ge 5$ or more candidates per election, however, we prove that the candidate distribution does not converge to the center and provide an even stronger non-convergence result in a special case with no extreme candidates. Our conclusions are qualitatively unchanged if a small fraction of candidates are not winner-copiers and are instead positioned uniformly at random in each election. Beyond our theoretical analysis, we illustrate our results in extensive simulations; for five or more candidates, we find a tendency towards the emergence of two clusters, a mechanism suggestive of Duverger's Law, the empirical finding that plurality leads to two-party systems. Our simulations also explore several variations of the model, where we find the same general pattern: convergence to the center with four or fewer candidates, but not with five or more. Finally, we discuss the relationship between our replicator dynamics model and prior work on strategic equilibria of candidate positioning games.

Replicating Electoral Success

Abstract visual reasoning (AVR) is a critical ability of humans, and it has been widely studied, but arithmetic visual reasoning, a unique task in AVR to reason over number sense, is less studied in the literature. To facilitate this research, we construct a Machine Number Reasoning (MNR) dataset to assess the model's ability in arithmetic visual reasoning over number sense and spatial layouts. To solve the MNR tasks, we propose a Dual-branch Arithmetic Regression Reasoning (DARR) framework, which includes an Intra-Image Arithmetic Regression Reasoning (IIARR) module and a Cross-Image Arithmetic Regression Reasoning (CIARR) module. The IIARR includes a set of Intra-Image Regression Blocks to identify the correct number orders and the underlying arithmetic rules within individual images, and an Order Gate to determine the correct number order. The CIARR establishes the arithmetic relations across different images through a '3-to-1' regressor and a set of '2-to-1' regressors, with a Selection Gate to select the most suitable ‘2-to-1' regressor and a gated fusion to combine the two kinds of regressors. Experiments on the MNR dataset show that the DARR outperforms state-of-the-art models for arithmetic visual reasoning.

DARR: A Dual-Branch Arithmetic Regression Reasoning Framework for Solving Machine Number Reasoning

Mainstream backdoor attacks on large language models (LLMs) typically set a fixed trigger in the input instance and specific responses for triggered queries. 
However, the fixed trigger setting (e.g., unusual words) may be easily detected by human detection, limiting the effectiveness and practicality in real-world scenarios. 
To enhance the stealthiness of backdoor activation, we present a new poisoning paradigm against LLMs triggered by specifying generation conditions, which are commonly adopted strategies by users during model inference. 
The poisoned model performs normally for output under normal/other generation conditions, while becomes harmful for output under target generation conditions. 
To achieve this objective, we introduce $\textbf{BrieFool}$, an efficient attack framework. 
It leverages the characteristics of generation conditions by efficient instruction sampling and poisoning data generation, thereby influencing the behavior of LLMs under target conditions. Our attack can be generally divided into two types with different targets: $\textbf{Safety unalignment attack}$ and $\textbf{Ability degradation attack}$. 
Our extensive experiments demonstrate that $\textbf{BrieFool}$ is effective across safety domains and ability domains, achieving higher success rates than baseline methods, with 94.3 \% on GPT-3.5-turbo.

Watch Out for Your Guidance on Generation! Exploring Conditional Backdoor Attacks against Large Language Models

The discriminative feature is crucial for point cloud registration. Recent methods improve the feature discriminative by distinguishing between non-overlapping and overlapping region points. However, they still face challenges in distinguishing the ambiguous structures in the overlapping regions. Therefore, the ambiguous features they extracted resulted in a significant number of outlier matches from overlapping regions. To solve this problem, we propose a prior-guided SMoE-based registration method to improve the feature distinctiveness by dispatching the potential correspondences in the same experts. Specifically, we propose a prior-guided SMoE module by fusing prior overlap and potential correspondence embeddings for routing, assigning tokens to the most suitable experts for processing. In addition, we propose a registration framework by a specific combination of transformer layer and prior-guided SMoE module. The proposed method not only pays attention to the importance of locating the overlapping areas of point clouds, but also commits to finding more accurate correspondences in overlapping areas. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, achieving state-of-the-art registration recall (95.7\%/79.3\%) on the 3DMatch/3DLoMatch benchmark. Moreover, we also test the performance on ModelNet40 and demonstrate excellent performance.

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Germane Conflicts: Desirable Properties for Localising Inconsistency

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