United States

Exploring the correlations between medical features is essential for extracting patient health patterns from electronic health records (EHR) data, and strengthening medical predictions and decision-making. To constrain the hypothesis space of pure data-driven deep learning in the context of limited annotated data, a common trend is to incorporate external knowledge, especially knowledge priors related to personalized health contexts, to optimize model training. However, most existing methods lack flexibility and are constrained by the uncertainties brought about by fixed feature correlation priors. In addition, in utilizing knowledge, these methods overlook the knowledge informative for personalized healthcare. To this end, we propose DearLLM, a novel and effective framework that leverages feature correlations deduced by large language models (LLMs) to enhance personalized healthcare. Concretely, DearLLM captures and learns quantitative correlations between medical features by calculating the conditional perplexity of LLMs’ deduction based on personalized patient backgrounds. Then, DearLLM enhances healthcare predictions by emphasizing knowledge that carries unique patient information through a feature-frequency-aware graph pooling method. Extensive experiments on two real-world benchmark datasets show significant performance gains brought by DearLLM. Furthermore, the discovered findings align well with medical literature, offering meaningful clinical interpretations.

AAAI 2025

DearLLM: Enhancing Personalized Healthcare via Large Language Models-Deduced Feature Correlations

other applications

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

AAAI 2024

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

poster

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



Explaining multi-agent systems (MAS) is urgent as these systems become increasingly prevalent in various applications. Previous work has provided explanations for the actions or states of agents, yet falls short in understanding the blackboxed agent’s importance within a MAS and the overall team strategy. To bridge this gap, we propose EMAI, a novel agent-level explanation approach that evaluates the individual agent’s importance. Inspired by counterfactual reasoning, a larger change in reward caused by the randomized action of agent indicates its higher importance. We model it as a MARL problem to capture interactions across agents. Utilizing counterfactual reasoning, EMAI learns the masking agents to identify important agents. Specifically, we define the optimization function to minimize the reward difference before and after action randomization and introduce sparsity constraints to encourage the exploration of more action randomization of agents during training. The experimental results in seven multi-agent tasks demonstrate that EMAI achieves higher fidelity in explanations compared to baselines and provides more effective guidance in practical applications concerning understanding policies, launching attacks, and patching policies.

Understanding Individual Agent Importance in Multi-Agent System via Counterfactual Reasoning

Recent studies have shown that Hypergraph Neural Networks (HGNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Existing approaches focus on hypergraph modification attacks guided by gradients, overlooking node spanning in hypergraphs and the group identity of hyperedges, thereby resulting in limited attack performance and detectable attacks. In this manuscript, we present a novel framework, i.e., Hypergraph Attacks via Injecting Homogeneous Nodes into Elite Hyperedges (IE-Attack), to tackle these challenges. Initially, utilizing the node spanning in hypergraph, we propose the elite hyperedges sampler to identify hyperedges to be injected. Subsequently, a node generator utilizing Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is proposed to generate the homogeneous node with the group identity of hyperedges. Finally, By injecting the homogeneous node into elite hyperedges, IE-Attack improves the attack performance and enhances the imperceptibility of attacks. Extensive experiments are conducted on five authentic datasets to validate the effectiveness of IE-Attack and the corresponding superiority to state-of-the-art methods. Codes will be made available upon paper acceptance.

Hypergraph Attacks via Injecting Homogeneous Nodes into Elite Hyperedges

In recent years, there has been a lot of research activity focused on carrying out non-asymptotic convergence analyses for actor-critic algorithms. Recently a two-timescale critic-actor algorithm has been presented for the discounted cost setting in the look-up table case where the timescales of the actor and the critic are reversed and only asymptotic convergence shown.  In our work, we present the first two-timescale critic-actor algorithm with function approximation in the long-run average reward setting and present the first finite-time non-asymptotic as well as asymptotic convergence analysis for such a scheme.  We obtain optimal learning rates and prove that our algorithm achieves a sample complexity of $\mathcal{\tilde{O}}(\epsilon^{-2.08})$ for the mean squared error of the critic to be upper bounded by $\epsilon$ which is better than the one obtained for two-timescale actor-critic in a similar setting. A  notable feature of our analysis is that we present a complete asymptotic convergence analysis of our scheme in addition to the finite-time bounds that we obtain and show the almost sure asymptotic convergence of the (slower) critic recursion to the attractor of an associated differential inclusion with actor parameters corresponding to local maxima of a perturbed average reward objective. We also show the results of numerical experiments on three benchmark settings and observe that our critic-actor algorithm performs the best amongst all algorithms considered.

Two-Timescale Critic-Actor for Average Reward MDPs with Function Approximation

Personality detection aims to deduce a user’s personality from their published posts. The goal of this task is to map posts to specific personality types. Existing methods encode post information to obtain user vectors, which are then mapped to personality labels. However, existing methods face two main issues: first, only using small models makes it hard to accurately extract semantic features from multiple long documents. Second, the relationship between user vectors and personality labels is not fully considered. To address the issue of poor user representation, we utilize the text embedding capabilities of LLM. To solve the problem of insufficient consideration of the relationship between user vectors and personality labels, we leverage the text generation capabilities of LLM. Therefore, we propose the LLM-Enhanced Text Mapping Model (ETM) for Personality Detection. The model applies LLM’s text embedding capability to enhance user vector representations. Additionally, it uses LLM’s text generation capability to create multi-perspective interpretations of the labels, which are then used within a contrastive learning framework to strengthen the mapping of these vectors to personality labels. Experimental results show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets. Our code will soon be available.

Leveraging the Dual Capabilities of LLM: LLM-Enhanced Text Mapping Model for Personality Detection

The Diffusion Transformers Models (DiTs) have transitioned the network architecture from traditional UNets to transformers, demonstrating exceptional capabilities in image generation. Although DiTs have been widely applied to high-definition video generation tasks, their large parameter size hinders inference on edge devices. Vector quantization (VQ) can decompose weights into a codebook and assignments, allowing extreme weight quantization and significantly reducing memory usage. In this paper, we propose VQ4DiT, a fast post-training vector quantization method for DiTs. We found that traditional VQ methods calibrate only the codebook without calibrating the assignments, leading to weight sub-vectors incorrectly assigned to the same assignment providing inconsistent gradients to the codebook, resulting in a suboptimal result. To address this challenge, VQ4DiT calculates the candidate assignment set for each weight sub-vector based on Euclidean distance. Then, using the zero-data and block-wise calibration method, the optimal assignment from the set is efficiently selected while calibrating the codebook. Depending on the different quantization settings, VQ4DiT quantizes a DiT XL/2 model on a single A100 GPU within 20 minutes to 5 hours. Experiments show that VQ4DiT establishes a new state-of-the-art in model size and performance trade-offs, quantizing weights to 2-bit precision while retaining acceptable image generation quality.

VQ4DiT: Efficient Post-Training Vector Quantization for Diffusion Transformers

Sexism affects both women and men, yet research often overlooks misandry and suffers from overly broad annotations that limit AI applications. To address this, we introduce BeyondGender, a dataset meticulously annotated according to the latest definitions of misogyny and misandry. It features innovative multifaceted labels encompassing aspects of sexism, gender, phrasing, misogyny, and misandry. The dataset includes 6K English and 1.7K Chinese sexism instances, alongside 13K non-sexism examples.
Our evaluations of masked language models and large language models reveal that they detect misogyny in English and misandry in Chinese more effectively, with F1-scores of 0.87 and 0.62, respectively. However, they frequently misclassify hostile and mild comments, underscoring the complexity of sexism detection. Parallel corpus experiments suggest promising data augmentation strategies to enhance AI systems for nuanced sexism detection, and our dataset can be leveraged to improve value alignment in large language models.

BeyondGender: A Multifaceted Bilingual Dataset for Practical Sexism Detection

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention for their exceptional performance across various domains. Despite their advancements, concerns persist regarding their implicit bias, which often leads to negative social impacts. Therefore, it is essential to identify the implicit bias in LLMs and investigate the potential threat posed by it. Our study focused on a specific type of implicit bias, termed the ''Yes-No'' implicit bias, which refers to LLMs' inherent tendency to favor ''Yes'' or ''No'' responses to a single instruction. By comparing the probability of LLMs generating a series of ''Yes'' versus ''No'' responses, we observed different inherent response tendencies exhibited by LLMs when faced with different instructions. To further investigate the impact of such bias, we developed an attack method called Implicit Bias In-Context Manipulation, attempting to manipulate LLMs' behavior. Specifically, we explored whether the ''Yes'' implicit bias could manipulate ''No'' responses into ''Yes'' in LLMs' responses to malicious instructions, leading to harmful outputs. Our findings revealed that the ''Yes'' implicit bias brings a significant security threat, comparable to that of carefully designed attack methods. Moreover, we offered a comprehensive analysis from multiple perspectives to deepen the understanding of this security threat, emphasizing the need for ongoing improvement in LLMs' security.

Investigating the Security Threat Arising from “Yes-No” Implicit Bias in Large Language Models

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the inherent spiking computation paradigm of the biological neural systems, have exhibited superior energy efficiency in 2D classification tasks over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, the regression potential of SNNs has not been well explored, especially in 3D point cloud processing.
In this paper, we propose noise-injected spiking graph convolutional networks to leverage the full regression potential of SNNs in 3D point cloud denoising. 
Specifically, we first emulate the noise-injected neuronal dynamics to build noise-injected spiking neurons.
On this basis, we design noise-injected spiking graph convolution for promoting disturbance-aware spiking representation learning on 3D points.
Starting from the spiking graph convolution, we build two SNN-based denoising networks.
One is a purely spiking graph convolutional network, which achieves low accuracy loss compared with some ANN-based alternatives, while resulting in significantly reduced energy consumption on two benchmark datasets, PU-Net and PC-Net.
The other is a hybrid architecture, which integrates some ANN-based learning operations and exhibits a high performance-efficiency trade-off with only a few time steps.
Our work lights up SNN’s potential for 3D point cloud denoising, 
injecting new perspectives of exploring the deployment on neuromorphic chips while paving the way for developing energy-efficient 3D data acquisition devices.
Our source code has been submitted and will be made publicly available.

Noise-Injected Spiking Graph Convolution for Energy-Efficient 3D Point Cloud Denoising

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a fundamental task in machine learning, empowering models to extract valuable insights from datasets with limited labeled samples and a large amount of unlabeled data. Although pseudo-labeling is a widely used approach for SSL that generates pseudo-labels for unlabeled data and leverages them as ground truth labels for training, traditional pseudo-labeling techniques often face challenges that significantly decrease the quality of pseudo-labels and hence the overall model performance. In this paper, we propose a novel Bi-level Optimization method for Pseudo-label Learning (BOPL) to boost semi-supervised training. It treats pseudo-labels as latent variables, and optimizes the model parameters and pseudo-labels jointly within a bi-level optimization framework. By enabling direct optimization over the pseudo-labels towards maximizing the prediction model performance, the method is expected to produce high-quality pseudo-labels. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we conduct extensive experiments on multiple SSL benchmarks. The experimental results show the proposed BOPL outperforms the state-of-the-art SSL techniques.

Bi-Level Optimization for Semi-Supervised Learning with Pseudo-Labeling

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with its large patient population, has become a formidable threat to human visual health. In the clinical diagnosis of DR, multi-view fundus images are considered to be more suitable for DR diagnosis because of the wide coverage of the field of view. Therefore, different from most of the previous single-view DR grading methods, we design a dynamic selection-driven multi-view DR grading method to fit clinical scenarios better. Since lesion information plays a key role in DR diagnosis, previous methods usually boost the model performance by enhancing the lesion feature. However, during the actual diagnosis, ophthalmologists not only focus on the crucial parts, but also exclude irrelevant features to ensure that do not compromise the accuracy of their judgment. To this end, we introduce the idea of dynamic selection and design a series of selection mechanisms from fine granularity to coarse granularity. In this work, we first introduce an Ophthalmic Image Reader (OIR) agent to provide the model with pixel-level prompts of suspected lesion areas. Moreover, a Multi-View Token Selection Module (MVTSM) is designed to prune redundant feature tokens and realize dynamic selection of key information. In the final decision stage, we dynamically fuse multi-view features through the novel Multi-View Mixture of Experts Module (MVMoEM), to enhance key views and reduce the impact of conflicting views. Extensive experiments on a large multi-view fundus image dataset with 34,452 images demonstrate that our method performs favorably against state-of-the-art models. The public code can be available in the attachment.

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